Existence and Essence
A work of art is a product of a dual structure. Its era and its counter-era. Through one’s own codes, such as taste, preference, and habit, an artist discovers the values of the time, initially negates those values, then revises and substitutes them with new, future-oriented values of one’s own, finally giving form to that revised expressive will. This is what may be called a theory of cultural dialectics.
Yoo Juhee’s code for discovering value is "Trees" and "Vitality." For instance, while trees in Borneo or the Amazon grow rapidly, the pine trees of frigid Russia possess incredibly dense growth rings.
Ultimately, her interest lies in "Life and Environment." In practical terms, this converges into an exploration of the urban environment, industrial society, and further, the ontological essence and structural nature of human life in this pluralistic age. The superficial human relationships of modern individuals struggling busily in a sea of information, the layers of lost humanity dyed by selfish commercialism. Toward them, as her planar paintings suggest through “subtle chromatic fusions and murky density,” she sends a symbolic message yearning for the restoration of primordial humanity and the reestablishment of moral order.
The titles of Yoo Juhee’s early works were Shape (形) – Form (態). These were simple compositions where one or two thick logs seemed to be tossed onto a raw, light-ochre hemp canvas that revealed the physical properties of the material without any coloring. If the large mass as a whole is regarded as “form,” then within that mass, the accidental fusion of colors formed by repeatedly placing black and white paint at random and pushing it away with a squeez, the act itself, may be seen as “shape.” It resembles the inner flesh of a tree. The artist first selected a single source of life energy (monism), then expanded it through dualistic developments such as shape and form, essence and appearance, meaning and representation, further extending to pairs such as principle and material force, substance and function, yin and yang, before recombining and integrating them on the canvas through a process of reduction.
Later, she began by coating the entire canvas with ultramarine as a basic setting. Large masses like chunks of wood are short, and smaller masses are broken down into fragments, drifting through a chaotic cosmos. This was an exploration of primordial energy. Here, the emergence of ultramarine deserves particular attention.
「...When the saturation of ultramarine blue is lowered step by step, it becomes a pitch-black deep sea (darkness, yin), and conversely, when raised step by step, it seems to turn into a clear, bright sky (light, yang)...」 <Artist’s note>
This marks her discovery of what color theory calls “the mystery of ultramarine.” This ultramarine continues to appear intermittently as her basement color. In semantic terms, it represents an awakening to the idea that “neutrality is essence; the mediator is the determiner. ” A realization aligned with the doctrine of the mean. Gradually, this ultramarine transforms into a single color field, laid horizontally across the upper and lower parts of the canvas, meeting coolly with areas of fused, wood-like textures formed by pushing paint with a squeez. This presents a grammar of contrast. In other words, it is a contrapuntal method of expression within a dualistic yin–yang framework that maximizes the autonomy of both sides. Though it adds the concept of the "shaped canvas," not found in previous works. Through this, she deftly escapes the regression inherent in repetition and the dangers of mannerism.
Around this period, her work titles shift to “Untitled.” Freed from the illusory constraint of what might be called the “error of titles” in art, the overall concept also feeds back from dualistic yin–yang theory into monism and essentialism. One might say that explanatory thinking is abandoned in favor of tuning the key to a clear, simple single tone. The works presented in this exhibition are a collective embodiment of this concept.
Accordingly, the ultramarine color fields gradually disappear, and the surfaces are filled with the results (existence) of actions in which black and white paint, now with a greater proportion of white, is pushed with a squeez. They recall the axe-cut stroke texture of oriental painting, or the piles of fragments that accumulate when chopping a log with an axe, transposed freely without being bound by the grammar of planar composition (essence). They are no longer form nor shape. It is the paradoxical aesthetics in which densely gathered small elements produce a greater emotional impact. If Platonic and Christian classical philosophy holds that essence precedes existence, Sartre, by contrast, proposed through his concept of “situation” that existence precedes essence.
Now, Yoo Juhee extends her sensory antennae between these two paradoxes.
We observe an artist in contemplation, considering what course she will take next. It is, unmistakably, a stern happiness.
September 2008
Hong Hyeongi <Painter, Professor, College of Art and Design, Incheon Catholic University>